The Prize The Epic Quest for Oil. Money & Power mobi 下载 fb2 夸克云 azw3 网盘 pdf pmlz

Now with a new epilogue that speaks directly to the current

energy crisis, The Prize recounts the panoramic history of

the world's most important resource: oil. Daniel Yergin's timeless

book chronicles the struggle for wealth and power that has

surrounded oil for decades and that continues to fuel global

rivalries, shake the world economy, and transform the destiny of

men and nations. This updated edition categorically proves the

unwavering significance of oil throughout the twentieth century and

into the twenty-first by tracing economic and political clashes

over precious "black gold."

With his far-reaching insight and in-depth research, Yergin is

uniquely positioned to address the present battle over energy,

which undoubtedly ranks as one of the most vital issues of our

time. The canvas of his narrative history is enormous -- from the

drilling of the first well in Pennsylvania through two great world

wars to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Operation Desert Storm, and

now both the Iraq War and climate change. The definitive work on

the subject of oil, The Prize is a book of extraordinary

breadth, riveting excitement, and great value -- crucial to our

understanding of world politics and the economy today -- and

tomorrow.

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Daniel Yerginin is an authority on energy and

world affairs. Chairman of Cambridge Energy Research Associates and

executive vice president of IHS, he is global energy expert for the

CNBC business news network. He received the Pulitzer Prize and the

Eccles Prize for The Prize, which has been translated into

thirteen languages and was made into a much-acclaimed PBS/BBC

series. His other books include Commanding Heights: The Battle

for the World Economy, about globalization and its challenges,

and Shattered Peace, a classic history on the origins of the

Cold War.

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讨论任何问题都应该首先想到供求关系。这是一个根本经验。

投资者们急了。如果他们想吸引更多的资本，这份最终报告是必不可少的。他们东求西找想办法弄到这笔钱。最后，比斯尔的一个合伙人自己作保拿出了这笔钱。标明“1855年4月16日”的报告终于交给了投资者，并立即送去印刷。

德雷克的坚持终于有了收获。不早不晚，他找到了石油。油溪两岸的庄稼人冲进泰特斯维尔，高声喊道：“北方佬打着石油了。”这一消息像野火般传开，引起一场买地打井找油的浪潮。小镇泰特斯维尔的人口一夜之间成倍增长，土地的价格直线上升。

供应远远超过需求，价格随之下跌。随着钻井活动的展开，石油再也不缺了，现在缺的是威士忌酒桶。很快，酒桶的价格涨到几乎比桶中的石油还要贵一倍。

石油对人类来说并不陌生。在中东的许多地方有一种叫沥青的半固体的糊状物从龟裂的地面和岩石的缝隙中渗透到地面上来，人们在远古时代就已经采集这种渗漏出来的油苗了一公元前三干年在美索不达米亚就已经出现。最出名的地方是在幼发拉底河边离巴比伦（今天的巴格达）不远的希特。公元前一世纪希腊历史学家迪奥多尔就热情地记述过古代的沥青工业：“巴比伦国有许多不可思议的奇迹，但没有比大量的沥青更令人奇怪的。”地下渗出来的油苗连同泄漏出来的石油气体经常燃烧，中东的拜火教就这样产生了。

另外一位公司经理也可以使州议会的同一个委员会相信，他自己的公司与标准石油公司没有关系，只有个人的关系，这种个人的关系就像是“吵吵嚷嚷要红利的股东”那样的关系。这就是这个集团的真正的手法，即，是标准石油公司的股东面不是标准石油公司本身在别的公司内拥有股份。在当时，公司本身是不能在别的公司里拥有股份的。股份是股东们“信托”给托拉斯的，俄亥俄州标准石油公司只是代表公司股东的利益。

“托拉斯”的法律概念在1882年1月2日签署的“标准石油公司托拉斯协定”中确定并正式化了。这个协定是为了应付十九世纪七十年代末，八十年代初的司法和政治攻击而产生的。此外还有个人方面的原因，洛克菲勒和他的合伙人已经开始考虑死亡和继承的问题，他们认定如果他们当中有人去世，在现行的制度下就很可能导致混乱、争吵诉讼和痛苦。有了托拉斯就可以使所有权明确化，将来不至于发生争吵

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Review

"Spellbinding...irresistible...monumental...must

be read to understand the first thing about the role of oil in

modern history."-- The New York Times

"A masterly narrative...The Prize portrays the interweaving

of national and corporate interests, the conflicts and stratagems,

the miscalculations, the follies, and the ironies."-- James

Schlesinger, former U.S. Secretary of Defense and U.S. Secretary of

Energy

"Splendid and epic history of oil.... The story is brilliantly

told...with its remarkable cast of characters." -- The Wall

Street Journal

"Impassioned and riveting...only in the great epics of Homer will

readers regularly run into a comparable string of larger-than-life

swashbucklers and statesmen, heroes and villains."-- San

Francisco Examiner

书籍介绍

Written by the author of "Shattered Peace" and "Energy Future", this book brings to life the tycoons, wildcatters, monopolists, regulators, presidents, generals and sheiks whose struggle for oil has shaken the world economy, dictated the outcome of wars, transformed the destiny of Britain and the world and profoundly changed all our lives. Beginning with the first oil well of the 1850s and continuing up to Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait, it is a story of greed, gumption nad ingenuity, all in pursuit of "the prize"—worldwide economic, military and political mastery through the control of oil.

The book includes the story of Shell Oil, a company forged in defiance of the Standard Oil monopoly by an upstart London trader, using Rothchild connections, Russian oil and Dutch petrolium concession in the East Indies. The central strategic role of oil in both world wars—from the decisive 4-knot-per-hour advantage of oil-burning ships in World War I to Rommel's stalled tank advance at El Alamein in War II (he literally ran out of petrol) The underground battle to win the greatest prize of all—the Saudi oil concession. The inside story of the discovery of North Sea Oil and its crucial role in undermining the OPEC monopoly.

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Comments

"Spellbinding...irresistible...monumental...must be read to understand the first thing about the role of oil in modern history."-- The New York Times

"A masterly narrative...The Prize portrays the interweaving of national and corporate interests, the conflicts and stratagems, the miscalculations, the follies, and the ironies."-- James Schlesinger, former U.S. Secretary of Defense and U.S. Secretary of Energy

"Splendid and epic history of oil.... The story is brilliantly told...with its remarkable cast of characters." -- The Wall Street Journal

"Impassioned and riveting...only in the great epics of Homer will readers regularly run into a comparable string of larger-than-life swashbucklers and statesmen, heroes and villains."-- San Francisco Examiner

---------

Contents

List of Maps

List Of Illustrations

Prologue

Part I: The Founders

1 Oil on the Brain: The Beginning

2 "Our Plan": John D. Rockefeller and the Combination of American Oil

3 Competitive Commerce

4 The New Century

5 The Dragon Slain

6 The Oil Wars: The Rise of Royal Dutch, the Fall of Imperial Russia

7 "Beer and Skittles" in Persia

8 The Fateful Plunge

Part II: The Global Struggle

9 The Blood of Victory: World War I

10 Opening the Door on the Middle East: The Turkish Petroleum Company

11 From Shortage to Surplus: The Age of Gasoline

12 "The Fight for New Production"

13 The Flood

14 "Friends"—and Enemies

15 The Arabian Concessions: The World That Frank Holmes Made

Part III: War and Strategy

16 Japan's Road to War

17 Germany's Formula for War

18 Japan's Achilles' Heel

19 The Allies' War

Part IV: The Hydrocarbon Age

20 The New Center of Gravity

21 The Postwar Petroleum Order

22 Fifty-Fifty: The New Deal in Oil

23 "Old Mossy" and the Struggle for Iran

24 The Suez Crisis

25 The Elephants

26 OPEC and the Surge Pot

27 Hydrocarbon Man

Part V: The Battle For World Mastery

28 The Hinge Years: Countries Versus Companies

29 The Oil Weapon

30 "Bidding for Our Life"

31 OPEC's Imperium

32 The Adjustment

33 The Second Shock: The Great Panic

34 "We're Going Down"

35 Just Another Commodity?

36 The Good Sweating: How Low Can It Go?

Epilogue

Chronology

Oil Prices and Production

Notes

Bibliography

Acknowledgments

Photo Credits

Index

About the Author